A partial bibliography of CLAMP-related literature and CLAMP applications.

Bailey, I.W., & Sinnot, E.W. (1915) A botanical index of Cretaceous and Tertiary climates. Science, 41: 831-834.

Burnham, R. J., Pitman, N. C. A.,  Johnson,  K. R.  and  Wilf,  P. (2001) Habitat-related error in estimating temperatures from leaf margins in a humid tropical forest. American Journal of Botany 88: 1096-1102.

Craggs, H.J. (2005) Late Cretaceous climate signal of the northern Pekulney Range Flora of northeastern Russia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 217:25-46.

Demers-Potvin, A.V., Larsson, H.C.E. (2019) Palaeoclimatic reconstruction for a Cenomanian‐aged angiosperm flora near Schefferville, Labrador. Palaeontology 62: 1027-1048. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bg7pd54

Ding, L., Spicer, R.A., Yang, J., Xu, Q., Cai, F., Li, S., Lai, Q., Wang, H., Spicer, T.E.V., Yue, Y., Shukla, A., Srivastava, G., Khan., M.A., Bera, S., Mehrotra, R. (2017) Quantifying the rise of the Himalaya orogen and implications for the South Asian monsoon. Geology 45:215–218.

Farnsworth, A., Valdes, P.J., Spicer, R.A., Lin, D., Witkowski, C., Lauretano, V., Li, S.-F., Li, S.-H., Zhou, Z.-K. (2021) Palaeoclimate model-derived thermal lapse rates: towards increasing precision in palaeoaltimetry studies. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 564: 116903 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116903

Fick, S.E. and Hijmans, R.J. (2017) WorldClim2: New 1 -km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land surfaces. International Journal of Climatology, 37:4302-4315. http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5086

Herman, A.B., and Spicer, R.A. (1996) Palaeobotanical evidence for a warm Cretaceous Arctic Ocean. Nature, 380: 330-333.

Herman, A.B., and Spicer, R.A. (2010) Mid-Cretaceous floras and climate of the Russian high Arctic (Novosibirsk Islands, Northern Yakutia). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatolgy, Palaeoecology. 295:409–422.

Holdridge, L.R. (1947) Determination of world plant formations from simple climatic data. Science, 105, 367--368.

Jacques, F.M.B., Su, T., Spicer, R.A., Xing, Y., Huang, Y., Wang, W., Zhou, Z. (2011) Leaf physiognomy and climate: Are monsoon systems different? Global and Planetary Change 76:56–62.

Jacques, F.M.B., Su, T., Spicer, R.A., Xing, Y.-W., Huang, Y.-J., Zhou, Z. (2014) Late Miocene southwestern Chinese floristic diversity shaped by the southeastern uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 411:208–215.

Kennedy, E.M., Spicer, R.A., and Rees, P. M. (2002) Quantitative paleoclimate estimates from Late Cretaceous and Paleocene leaf floras in the northwest of the South Island, New Zealand, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 184:321-345.

Kennedy, E.M., Arens, N.C., Reichgelt, T., Spicer, R.A., Spicer, T.E.V., Stranks, L., Yang, J. (2014) Deriving temperature estimates from Southern Hemisphere leaves. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 412:80–90.

Khan, M., Spicer, R.A., Bera, S., Ghosh, R., Yang, J., Spicer, T.E.V., Guo, S., Su, T., Jacques, F., Grote, P.J. (2014) Miocene to Pleistocene floras and climate of the Eastern Himalayan Siwaliks, and New Palaeoelevation estimates for the Namling-Oiyug Basin, Tibet. Global and Planetary Change 113:1–10.

Khan, M.A. Bera, M., Spicer, R.A., Spicer, T.E.V., Bera, S. (2019) Palaeoclimatic estimates for the late Cenozoic (Mio-Pliocene) Siwalik Flora of Bhutan: Evidence for the development of the South Asian Monsoon in the eastern Himalaya. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 514: 326–335.

Kovach, W.L., & Spicer, R.A. (1995) Canonical Correspondence Analysis of Leaf Physiognomy: a Contribution to the Development of a New palaeoclimatological Tool. Palaeoclimates, 1: 125-138.

Kowalski, E. A., and Dilcher, D. L. (2003) Warmer paleotemperatures for terrestrial ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 100 : 167-170.

New, M., Hulme, M. and Jones, P. (1999) Representing Twentieth-Century Space–Time Climate Variability. Part I: Development of a 1961–90 Mean Monthly Terrestrial Climatology. Journal of Climate, 12: 829-856.

Raunkiaer, C. (1934) The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 632pp.

Shukla, A., Mehrotra, R.C., Spicer, R.A., Spicer, T.E.V., Kumar, M. (2014) Cool equatorial terrestrial temperatures and the South Asian monsoon in the Early Eocene: Evidence from the Gurha Mine, Rajasthan, India. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 412:187–198.

Song, B., Spicer, R.A., Zhang, K., Ji, J., Farnsworth, A., Hughes, A.C., Yang, Y., Han, F., Xu, Y., Spicer, T.E.V., Shen, T., Lunt, D.J., Shi., G. (2020) Qaidam Basin leaf fossils show northeastern Tibet was high, wet and cool in the early Oligocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 537:116175 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116175

Spicer, R.A. ( 2000) Leaf Physiognomy and Climate Change. In: S.J. Culver and P. Rawson (Editors), Biotic Response to Global change: the Last 145 Million Years. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 244-264.

Spicer, R.A. (2007) Recent and Future Developments of CLAMP: Building on the Lagacy of Jack A. Wolfe. Cour. Forsch. -Inst. Senckenberg, 258: 109-118.

Spicer, R.A. (2008) CLAMP. In: V. Gornitz (Editor), Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 156-158.

Spicer, R.A. (2018) Phytopaleoaltimetry: Using Plant Fossils to Measure Past Land Surface Elevation, in Mountains, Climate and Biodiversity, C. Hoorn, A. Perrigo, A. Antonelli, Eds. (Wiley-Blackwell, 2018), chap. 7, pp. 96–109.

Spicer, R.A., Herman, A.B., Ahlberg, A.T., Raikevich, M.I., Rees, P.M.A. (2002) Mid-Cretaceous Grebenka flora of North-eastern Russia: stratigraphy, palaeobotany, taphonomy and palaeoenvironment. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 184:65-105.

Spicer, R.A., Ahlberg, A., Herman, A.B., Hofmann, C-C., Raikevich, M., Valdes, P.J., and Markwick, P.J. (2008) The Late Cretaceous continental interior of Siberia: A challenge for climate models. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 267:228-235.

Spicer, R.A., Harris, N.B.W., Widdowson, M., Herman, A.B., Guo, S., Valdes, P.J., Wolfe, J.A., and Kelley, S.P. (2003) Constant elevation of Southern Tibet over the past 15 million years. Nature. 412:622-624.

Spicer, R.A., Herman, A.B. and Kennedy, E.M. (2004) The Foliar Physiognomic Record of Climatic Conditions During Dormancy: CLAMP and the Cold Month Mean Temperature. Journal of Geology, 112: 685-702.

Spicer, R.A., Bera, S., De Bera, S., Spicer, T.E.V., Srivastava, G., Mehrotra, R., Mehrotra, N., Yang, J. (2011) Why do foliar physiognomic climate estimates sometimes differ from those observed? Insights from taphonomic information loss and a CLAMP case study from the Ganges Delta. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 302: 381-395.

Spicer, R.A., Valdes, P.J., Spicer, T.E.V., Craggs, H.J., Srivastava, G., Mehrotra, R.C., and Yang, J. (2009) New Developments in CLAMP: Calibration using global gridded meteorological data. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 283:91-98.

Spicer, R.A. and Herman, A.B. (2010) The Late Cretaceous Environment of the Arctic: A quantitative reassessment using plant fossils. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatolgy, Palaeoecology. 295 (2010) 423–442.

Spicer, R.A., Yang, J. (2010) Quantification of uncertainties in fossil leaf paleoaltimetry: Does leaf size matter? Tectonics, 29: TC6001, doi:10 1029/2010TC002741.

Spicer, R.A., Yang, J., Herman, A.B., Kodrul, T., Aleksandrova, G., Maslova, N., Spicer, T., Ding, L., Xu, Q., Shukla, A., Srivastava, G., Mehrotra, R., Liu, X-Y., Jin, J-J. (2017) Paleogene monsoons across India and South China: Drivers of biotic change. Gondwana Research 49:350–363.

Spicer, R.A., Yang, J., Herman, A.B., Kodrul, T., Maslova, N., Spicer, T.E.V., Aleksandrova, Jin, J. (2016) Asian Eocene Monsoons as revealed by leaf architectural signatures. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 449: 61-68.

Spicer, R.A., Herman, A.b., Liao, W., Spicer, T.E.V., Kodrul, T.M., Yang, J., Jin, J. (2014) Cool tropics in the Middle Eocene: Evidence from the Changchang Flora, Hainan Island, China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 412 (2014) 1–16.

Spicer, R.A., Yang, J., Spicer, T.E.V., Farnsworth, A. (2021). Woody dicot leaf traits as a palaeoclimate proxy: 100 years of development and application. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 562:110138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110138

Spicer, R.A., Valdes, P.J., Hughes, A.C., Yang, J., Spicer, T.E.V., Herman, A.B., Farnsworth, A. (2019) New insights into the thermal regime and hydrodynamics of the early Late Cretaceous Arctic. Geological Magazine. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756819000463

Srivastava, G., Spicer, R.A., Spicer, T.E.V., Yang, J., Kumar, M., Mehrotra, R.C., Mehrotra, N.C., (2012) Megaflora and palaeoclimate of a Late Oligocene tropical delta, Makum Coal field, Assam: evidence for the early development of the South Asia Monsoon. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 343:130–142.

Steart, D.C., Spicer, R.A., Bamford, M.K. (2010) Is southern Africa different? An invesigation of the relationship between leaf physiognomy and climate in southern African mesic vegetation. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 162: 607-620.

Su, T., Spicer, R.A., Li, S-H., Xu, H., Huang, J., Sherlock, S., Huang, Y-J., Li, S-F., Wang, L., Jia, L-B., Deng, W-Y-D., Deng, C-L. Zhang, S-T, Valdes, P.J., Zhou, Z-K. (2019) Uplift, Climate and Biotic Changes at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition in Southeast Tibet, National Science Review. 6: 495-504 doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwy062 (published online in 20918).

Su, T., Spicer, R.A., Wu, F.-X., Farnsworth, A., Huang, J., Deng, T., Ding., L., Deng, W.-Y.-D., Huang, Y.-J., Hughes, A., Jia, L.-B., Jin, J.-H., Li, S.-f., Liang, S.-Q., Liu, J., Liu, X.-Y., Sherlock, S., Spicer, T., Srivastava, G., Tang, H., Valdes, P.J., Wang, T.-X., Widdowson, M., Wu, M.-X., Xing, Y.-W., Xu, C.-L., Yang, J., Zhang, S.-T., Zhang, X.-W., Zhao, F., Zhou, Z.-K. (2020) A middle Eocene lowland humid subtropical ‘Shangri-La’ ecosystem in central Tibet. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 117 : 32989–32995.

Teodorides, V., Mazouch, P., Spicer, R.A., Uhl, D. (2011) Refining CLAMP - Investigations towards improving the Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 299: 39-48.

Ter Braak, C.J.F. (1986) Canonical correspondence Analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology, 67: 1167-1179.

Velasco-de Leon, M.P., Spicer, R.A., and Steart, D.C. (2010) Climatic reconstruction of two Pliocene floras from Mexico. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvionments 90:99–110.

Webb, L. J. (1959) Physiognomic classification of Australian rain forests. Journal of Ecology, 47: 551-570.

Wolfe, J.A. (1990) Palaeobotanical evidence for a marked temperature increase following the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Nature, 343: 153-156.

Wolfe, J.A. (1993) A method of obtaining climatic parameters from leaf assemblages. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull., 2040, 73 pp. Download pdf (18.9 Mb)

Wolfe, J.A. (1995) Paleoclimatic estimates from Tertiary leaf assemblages. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet Sci., 23:119-142.

Wolfe, J.A., & Spicer, R.A. (1999) Fossil Leaf Character States: Multivariate Analysis. In Jones, T.P., and Rowe, N.P. (eds.) Fossil Plants and Spores: Modern Techniques. Geological Society, London, 233-239.

Xiong, Z., Liu, X., Ding, L., Farnsworth, A., Spicer, R.A., Xu, Q., Valdes, P.J., He, S., Zeng, D., Wang, C., Li, Z., Guo, X., Su, T., Zhao, C., Wang, H., Yue, Y. (2022) The early Eocene rise of the Gonjo Basin, SE Tibet: from Low Desert to High Forest. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 560:109997

Xiong, Z., Ding, L., Spicer, R.A., Farnsworth, A., Wang, X., Valdes, P.J., Su, T., Zhang, Q., Zhang, L., Cai, F., Wang, H., Li, Z., Song, P., Guo, X., Yue Y. (2020) The Rise and Demise of the Paleogene Central Tibetan Valley. Science Advances 8, https://www.science.org/doi/epdf/10.1126/sciadv.abj0944

Yang J., Spicer R.A., Spicer T.E.V., Arens N.C., Jacques F.M.B., Su T., Kennedy E.M., Herman A.B., Steart D.C., Srivastava G., Mehrotra R.C., Valdes P.J., Mehrotra N.C., Zhou Z.K., Lai J.S. (2015) Leaf Form-Climate Relationships on the Global Stage: An Ensemble of Characters. Global Ecology and Biogeography543, 116312.

Yang, J., Spicer, R.A., Spicer, T.E.V., Li, C.-S. (2011) ‘CLAMP Online’: a new web-based palaeoclimate tool and its application to the terrestrial Paleogene and Neogene of North America. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 91:163–183.

Yang, J., Wang, Y.F., Spicer, R.A., Mosbrugger, V., Li, C.S., Sun, Q.G. (2007) Climatic Reconstruction of Miocene Shanwang Basin, China, by using Leaf Margin Analysis, CLAMP, Co- existence Approach and Overlapping Distribution Analysis. American Journal of Botany, 94:599-608.

Zolina, A.A., Golovneva, L.B., Spicer, R.A. (2020) Latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) climate of the Koryak Upland of North- East Russia based on a quantitative analysis of a palaeo-polar flora. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 560:109997.